Thin-film photovoltaic cells: long-term metal(loid) leaching at their end-of-life.
Identifieur interne : 000318 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000317; suivant : 000319Thin-film photovoltaic cells: long-term metal(loid) leaching at their end-of-life.
Auteurs : RBID : pubmed:24134490Abstract
The photovoltaic effect of thin-film copper indium gallium selenide cells (CIGS) is conferred by the latter elements. Organic photovoltaic cells (OPV), relying on organic light-absorbing molecules, also contain a variety of metals (e.g., Zn, Al, In, Sn, Ag). The environmental impact of such technologies is largely unknown, in particular when the physical integrity deteriorates upon end-of-life, possibly facilitating cell constituent leaching. This study analyzed long-term inorganic leaching from damaged OPV and CIGS into different model waters. Leachate concentrations were put into perspective by calculating the predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) for several scenarios. Roof-top acidic rain runoff from CIGS was found to be the predominant emission source for metals and metalloids, with Cd released to such extents that PEC (173.4 μg Cd L(-1)) would considerably exceed acute toxicity concentrations for Daphnia magna . Other PEC for CIGS (9.9 mg Mo L(-1) and 9.4 μg Se L(-1)) were in the range of teratogenic effects. In contrast, OPV released little metals with calculated PEC being below even conservative drinking water guidelines. Time-resolved single-particle ICP-MS indicated that some metals (Zn, Mo, Ag) were in nanoparticulate form, raising nanotoxicity concerns. Leaching kinetics called for revision of existing standardized (accelerated) leaching protocols because long-term release was most relevant.
DOI: 10.1021/es402969c
PubMed: 24134490
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Thin-film photovoltaic cells: long-term metal(loid) leaching at their end-of-life.</title><author><name sortKey="Zimmermann, Yannick Serge" uniqKey="Zimmermann Y">Yannick-Serge Zimmermann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland , Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland , Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sch Ffer, Andreas" uniqKey="Sch Ffer A">Andreas Schäffer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Corvini, Philippe F X" uniqKey="Corvini P">Philippe F-X Corvini</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lenz, Markus" uniqKey="Lenz M">Markus Lenz</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><date when="2013">2013</date><idno type="doi">10.1021/es402969c</idno><idno type="RBID">pubmed:24134490</idno><idno type="pmid">24134490</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000356</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000356</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000318</idno></publicationStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The photovoltaic effect of thin-film copper indium gallium selenide cells (CIGS) is conferred by the latter elements. Organic photovoltaic cells (OPV), relying on organic light-absorbing molecules, also contain a variety of metals (e.g., Zn, Al, In, Sn, Ag). The environmental impact of such technologies is largely unknown, in particular when the physical integrity deteriorates upon end-of-life, possibly facilitating cell constituent leaching. This study analyzed long-term inorganic leaching from damaged OPV and CIGS into different model waters. Leachate concentrations were put into perspective by calculating the predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) for several scenarios. Roof-top acidic rain runoff from CIGS was found to be the predominant emission source for metals and metalloids, with Cd released to such extents that PEC (173.4 μg Cd L(-1)) would considerably exceed acute toxicity concentrations for Daphnia magna . Other PEC for CIGS (9.9 mg Mo L(-1) and 9.4 μg Se L(-1)) were in the range of teratogenic effects. In contrast, OPV released little metals with calculated PEC being below even conservative drinking water guidelines. Time-resolved single-particle ICP-MS indicated that some metals (Zn, Mo, Ag) were in nanoparticulate form, raising nanotoxicity concerns. Leaching kinetics called for revision of existing standardized (accelerated) leaching protocols because long-term release was most relevant.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Owner="NLM" Status="In-Process"><PMID Version="1">24134490</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2013</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>19</Day></DateCreated><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1520-5851</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>47</Volume><Issue>22</Issue><PubDate><Year>2013</Year><Month>Nov</Month><Day>19</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Environmental science & technology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Environ. Sci. Technol.</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Thin-film photovoltaic cells: long-term metal(loid) leaching at their end-of-life.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>13151-9</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1021/es402969c</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The photovoltaic effect of thin-film copper indium gallium selenide cells (CIGS) is conferred by the latter elements. Organic photovoltaic cells (OPV), relying on organic light-absorbing molecules, also contain a variety of metals (e.g., Zn, Al, In, Sn, Ag). The environmental impact of such technologies is largely unknown, in particular when the physical integrity deteriorates upon end-of-life, possibly facilitating cell constituent leaching. This study analyzed long-term inorganic leaching from damaged OPV and CIGS into different model waters. Leachate concentrations were put into perspective by calculating the predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) for several scenarios. Roof-top acidic rain runoff from CIGS was found to be the predominant emission source for metals and metalloids, with Cd released to such extents that PEC (173.4 μg Cd L(-1)) would considerably exceed acute toxicity concentrations for Daphnia magna . Other PEC for CIGS (9.9 mg Mo L(-1) and 9.4 μg Se L(-1)) were in the range of teratogenic effects. In contrast, OPV released little metals with calculated PEC being below even conservative drinking water guidelines. Time-resolved single-particle ICP-MS indicated that some metals (Zn, Mo, Ag) were in nanoparticulate form, raising nanotoxicity concerns. Leaching kinetics called for revision of existing standardized (accelerated) leaching protocols because long-term release was most relevant.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zimmermann</LastName><ForeName>Yannick-Serge</ForeName><Initials>YS</Initials><Affiliation>Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland , Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland.</Affiliation></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schäffer</LastName><ForeName>Andreas</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Corvini</LastName><ForeName>Philippe F-X</ForeName><Initials>PF</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lenz</LastName><ForeName>Markus</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType>Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType>Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2013</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>07</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Environ Sci Technol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0213155</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0013-936X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="aheadofprint"><Year>2013</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>7</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2013</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>19</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2013</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>19</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2013</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>19</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1021/es402969c</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">24134490</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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